The patient’s rate of blood loss continues. As the RBCs enter, he looks better. He still looks flat through as he enters endoscopy. They find a bleeding vessel and use thermal coagulation with adrenaline.

He continues to bleed whilst in there. A POC INR test is done in the endoscopy suite and reveals an INR of 3.7. Prothrombin complex, which acts within minutes, is then given in the endoscopy suite. The bleeding settles.

You are to write a 3000 word essay to the Transfusion department about why we must minimize blood loss when transfusing blood.

You are also to write a 3000 word essay to Haematology about why vitamin K acts over 6-12 hours IV and 12-24 hours PO.